预防儿童2型糖尿病应在胰岛素抵抗及其他合并症出现之前干预及阻止肥胖。[50]Ogata BN, Hayes D. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: nutrition guidance for healthy children ages 2 to 11 years. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014 Aug;114(8):1257-76.http://www.eatrightpro.org/~/media/eatrightpro%20files/practice/position%20and%20practice%20papers/position%20papers/nutrition_guidance_for_healthy_children.ashxhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25060139?tool=bestpractice.com结合了饮食、行为转变和身体锻炼的行为改变干预可能有助于在短期内实现体重指数的小幅降低。[51]Mead E, Brown T, Rees K, et al. Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age of 6 to 11 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jun 22;(6):CD012651.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD012651/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28639319?tool=bestpractice.com
每一年,6%-10%的儿童由空腹血糖受损发展为糖尿病,其中60%的患者在糖耐量减低及血糖受损的6年内发展为糖尿病。[52]Handelsman Y, Bloomgarden ZT, Grunberger G, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology: clinical practice guidelines for developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan - 2015. Endocr Pract. 2015 Apr;21(suppl 1):1-87.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4959114/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25869408?tool=bestpractice.com 不同的人群中糖耐量受损对2型糖尿病发病的预测度并不相同。 在欧洲,糖耐量受损对中短期内是否发展为糖尿病无预测作用。[53]Kleber M, deSousa G, Papcke S, et al. Impaired glucose tolerance in obese white children and adolescents: three to five year follow-up in untreated patients. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2011 Mar;119(3):172-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20827664?tool=bestpractice.com 然而,在那些非洲血统黑人中,IGT被视为糖尿病的预测因子。[54]Weiss R, Taksali SE, Tamborlane WV, et al. Predictors of changes in glucose tolerance status in obese youth. Diabetes Care. 2005 Apr;28(4):902-9.http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/28/4/902.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15793193?tool=bestpractice.com 生活方式的改变,包括体重减轻5%-10%,是预防儿童的2型糖尿病的推荐方法。