在全球的急性GVHD患者中,26%~34%的受者为全相合血缘供者移植,42%~52%为相合无血缘供者移植。[13]Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR). Progress report: January-December 2008. http://www.cibmtr.org (last accessed 30 August 2016).http://www.cibmtr.org/About/ProceduresProgress/Documents/2008_CIBMTR_Annual_R.pdf[15]Ringden O, Pavletic SZ, Anasetti C, et al. The graft-versus-leukemia effect using matched unrelated donors is not superior to HLA-identical siblings for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood. 2009;113:3110-3118.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19059878?tool=bestpractice.com 其发病率与人白细胞抗原 (HLA) 的差异程度直接相关。[16]Hahn T, McCarthy PL Jr, Zhang MJ, et al. Risk factors for acute graft-versus-host disease after human leukocyte antigen-identical sibling transplants for adults with leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:5728-5734.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18981462?tool=bestpractice.com 急性 GVHD 的中位发作时间为移植后 21~25 天。脐带血移植的中性粒细胞恢复较慢,急性 GVHD 的发病率较低且发作时间较晚。[17]Rocha V, Labopin M, Sanz G, et al. Transplants of umbilical-cord blood or bone marrow from unrelated donors in adults with acute leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2276-2285.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa041469#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15564544?tool=bestpractice.com