卒中在美国[6]Wolfe C. The burden of stroke. In: Wolfe C, Rudd T, Beech R, eds. Stroke services and research. London, UK: The Stroke Association; 1996. 以及英格兰和威尔士是第三大致死原因,且是主要的致残原因,在加拿大也是死亡的第三大原因。[7]Statistics Canada. The 10 leading causes of death, 2013. Mar 2017 [internet publication].https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-625-x/2017001/article/14776-eng.htm 苏格兰 2016/17 年的卒中发病率(经年龄-性别标准化后)为 180/100,000。[8]NHS National Services Scotland: Information Services Division. Scottish stroke statistics: year ending 31 March 2017. Jan 2018 [internet publication].https://www.isdscotland.org/Health-Topics/Stroke/Publications/2018-01-30/2018-01-30-Stroke-Report.pdf 美国每年约有 610,000 例新发卒中病例。[9]Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2018 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018 Mar 20;137(12):e67-492.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000558http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29386200?tool=bestpractice.com 缺血性卒中占所有卒中病例的 87%,出血性脑卒中占 10%,蛛网膜下腔出血占 3%。[9]Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2018 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018 Mar 20;137(12):e67-492.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000558http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29386200?tool=bestpractice.com 缺血性卒中的患病率可以进一步按照病理生理学机制来分类:颅外动脉粥样硬化 (10%),颅内动脉粥样硬化 (10%),心源性栓子 (25%),腔隙性梗死([小血管病变] 15%),病因不明 (30%),或其他明确原因引起 (10%)。缺血性卒中在老年人中、受教育程度相对较低的人群中、以及非洲裔美国人或西班牙裔人中更常见。[9]Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics - 2018 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018 Mar 20;137(12):e67-492.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000558http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29386200?tool=bestpractice.com 在过去的几十年里,卒中的总体发病率和致死率有所下降,这可能归因于有效的初级预防和管理。