MEN 携带者的早期确认和治疗可显著降低发病率和死亡率。例如,在童年时期施行甲状腺全切术和颈淋巴结清除术(以最大程度降低甲状腺髓样癌的患病率)可将 MEN2 的死亡率从 20% 以上降至 5% 以下。[17]Gagel RF, Tashjian AH Jr, Cummings T, et al. The clinical outcome of prospective screening for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a. An 18-year experience. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:478-484.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2893259?tool=bestpractice.com[73]Skinner MA, Moley JA, Dilley WG, et al. Prophylactic thyroidectomy in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:1105-1113.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa043999#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16162881?tool=bestpractice.com对于有些突变,该手术最早可在一岁时进行。
其他器官的预防性切除并非如此简单。但是,通过定期监测已确认携带者,可在肿瘤发展后进行早期干预,并可降低嗜铬细胞瘤和肠嗜铬样细胞肿瘤的死亡率。[83]Pieterman CR, Schreinemakers JM, Koppeschaar HP, et al. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1): its manifestations and effect of genetic screening on clinical outcome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009;70:575-581.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18616711?tool=bestpractice.com